This content is located in CAPS under Social Implications: Impact on Society for Grade 12.

In today’s connected environment, security threats such as unauthorised access, data theft, and malware are pervasive. Teaching the concept of avoiding security threats provides students with practical strategies to protect themselves and their information. This topic includes critical tools and concepts such as VPNs, firewalls, and screenlock patterns. Here’s how you can make this engaging and practical for students.

Start by presenting real-life examples of security breaches and their consequences, such as identity theft or ransomware. Relate these examples to everyday scenarios, such as using public Wi-Fi or losing a smartphone without proper safeguards.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

Explain VPNs as tools for creating secure, encrypted tunnels for online activity. Show how VPNs are particularly useful when connecting to unsecured networks, such as at coffee shops or malls. If access to computers or smartphones is available, demonstrate setting up a free VPN service and explain its pros and cons. You can also simulate a situation where students identify whether a connection is private or public and discuss why a VPN is vital in the latter case.

Practical idea: Set up a classroom activity where students research and compare different VPN services. They can assess security features, cost, and ease of use. Ask them to present which VPN they would recommend and why, fostering analysis and decision-making.

Firewalls

Discuss the role of firewalls in monitoring and controlling network traffic based on security rules. Use metaphors like a gatekeeper for digital devices to make the concept tangible. Highlight their dual nature: software-based (integrated into operating systems like Windows Defender) and hardware-based (found in routers).

Activity idea: Create a visual diagram to depict how firewalls block certain types of traffic. Provide students with a basic firewall configuration example and challenge them to decide which rules to implement for safe internet use. This connects to Bloom’s Apply and Create levels.

Screenlock Patterns

Screenlock patterns, passwords, and biometrics are the first line of defence for mobile devices. Have students explore and compare different lock options (e.g., PINs, patterns, facial recognition). Encourage discussions on the importance of complexity and frequency of updates to these security measures.

Interactive engagement: Ask students to evaluate the security strength of different screenlock options. For example, present scenarios like short PINs versus complex patterns, or outdated biometrics. Highlight real-world consequences, such as unauthorised access to sensitive information if a device is stolen.

Connecting Concepts

Emphasise how these three tools—VPNs, firewalls, and screenlock patterns—work together to create a comprehensive security system. Present a case study of a hypothetical cyberattack, and let students determine what protections would mitigate the risk. This activity reinforces evaluation and problem-solving skills, promoting a deeper understanding of interconnected security layers.

Adapting for Limited Resources

In under-resourced environments, focus on free or built-in tools. For example:

• Use free VPN services or trial versions to demonstrate functionality.
• Highlight the built-in firewall capabilities in Windows or macOS and mobile device options.
• Showcase lock pattern settings on commonly used Android or iOS devices.

Encourage students to share stories about times they encountered potential security risks and how they responded. Use this to open discussions on awareness and proactive behaviour online.

Security is about vigilance and strategy. By grounding these concepts in relatable examples and hands-on activities, you can ensure your students leave with practical, actionable knowledge they can use immediately.